OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.
So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?
1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?
Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?
ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.
2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?
FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.
3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?
Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.
Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.
中歐投(tou)資協定,對不(bú)鏽鋼行業影(yǐng)響幾何
2025年12月(yuè)7日,中歐領導(dao)人共同宣布(bù)完成中歐全(quan)面投資協議(yi)(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment),這🌍是一個框(kuang)架協議,旨在(zài)取代中國和(he)歐盟成員國(guó)現有的雙邊(biān)投🔴資條約,構(gou)建統一的中(zhōng)歐雙邊投資(zi)制度。
這一談(tan)判經曆了35輪(lún)磋商,前後持(chi)續超過7年,談(tán)判曾一度停(ting)滞📧,近一年半(bàn)内有所加快(kuai),終于在2020年年(nian)底完成談判(pan),這也是繼區(qu)域全面經濟(ji)夥伴關系協(xié)定(RCEP)之後,中國(guo)完成的另一(yī)個重大對外(wài)開放舉措,也(yě)是在♍多年的(de)逆全球化進(jìn)💋程中,多邊主(zhǔ)義取得的又(you)一次意義重(zhong)大的勝利。
那(nà)麼,“中歐投資(zī)協定”談判的(de)完成,對不鏽(xiu)鋼行業會有(yǒu)影響嗎?
一、如(rú)果“中歐投資(zī)協定”達成,歐(ōu)盟對中國還(hai)會有關稅壁(bì)壘麼?
近年來(lái),由于歐盟對(dui)中國大陸的(de)不鏽鋼出口(kǒu)持續的反傾(qīng)銷,目前歐盟(meng)對中國大陸(lu)不鏽鋼的征(zheng)收稅率高達(da)20%以上,那麼,如(ru)果“中歐投資(zi)協定”達成,歐(ou)盟對中國還(hái)會有關稅壁(bì)壘麼?
二、從歐(ou)洲開放領域(yù)來看,“中歐投(tou)資協定”對中(zhōng)國不鏽鋼企(qǐ)業❄️走🌂出去有(yǒu)何影響?
站在中國(guó)立場,歐洲開(kai)放領域,為中(zhōng)國投資者提(tí)供了更大❓的(de)進入歐盟能(néng)源批發零售(shou)市場、可再生(shēng)能源市場等(deng)領域的機會(huì),帶動中國新(xīn)能源、汽車等(děng)相關産業的(de)出口貿易發(fa)展。對于中國(guo)投資者,該協(xie)議達成還意(yi)味着在歐盟(meng)有更多潛在(zai)的投資機會(huì),包括中國有(yǒu)競争優勢的(de)建💃🏻築産業、電(diàn)信産業等等(děng),屆時或許會(huì)拉動國内不(bu)鏽鋼需求。
但(dàn)是從不鏽鋼(gāng)企業角度而(ér)言,國内不鏽(xiu)鋼廠走出去(qu)在歐盟建廠(chǎng)的可能性微(wei)乎其微。由于(yu)歐洲的廢‼️鋼(gāng)積累量比較(jiao)大,中國不鏽(xiù)鋼鋼廠走出(chū)去投資建設(she),在不鏽鋼冶(ye)煉成本上可(ke)能會享有一(yī)些優勢。但是(shi)目前歐洲的(de)不鏽🌈鋼鋼廠(chang)全部使用電(diàn)爐生産,若去(qu)歐洲建廠,整(zhěng)體成本過于(yu)高昂。其次,從(cong)需求角度✏️來(lái)講,歐洲本土(tǔ)不鏽鋼生産(chan)逐年下降,加(jia)之由于新冠(guàn)疫情的影響(xiǎng),歐洲經濟陷(xian)入低迷,需求(qiú)端維持弱勢(shì)。因此,國内不(bu)鏽鋼廠去歐(ou)洲建設工廠(chǎng)🈲的可能性🍓,總(zong)體而言不存(cún)在。
三、從中國(guo)開放領域來(lai)看,“中歐投資(zi)協定”對國内(nei)的不🚶♀️鏽鋼企(qi)業🔞有何影響(xiǎng)?
在談判中,中(zhong)國答應進一(yī)步開放的領(lǐng)域包括制造(zào)業、汽車、金融(rong)服務業、醫療(liao)健康、通訊/雲(yun)服務、計算機(jī)服務、國際海(hǎi)運、航空運輸(shu)、商業服務、環(huán)境服務等。目(mù)前,大約一半(bàn)的歐盟對華(hua)直接投資集(ji)中在制造業(ye)領域,如運輸(shu)和電信設備(bèi)、化學品、健康(kāng)設備等等。而(er)汽車領域方(fāng)面,中國同意(yi)逐步取消合(he)資企業要求(qiú),承諾新能源(yuan)汽車的市場(chǎng)準入。此外,中(zhōng)國同意取消(xiao)金融服務業(yè)及醫療健康(kang)領域中部分(fèn)行業的合資(zi)要求。
站在歐(ōu)盟的立場,歐(ou)盟在中國的(de)汽車、消費品(pǐn)、生物醫藥、金(jīn)融服務和醫(yī)療衛生等衆(zhōng)多領域出現(xian)了新的機遇(yù),但更多的可(kě)能是技術領(ling)域内的輸出(chū),對不鏽鋼行(háng)業生産的影(ying)響基本沒有(yǒu)。
綜上所述,總(zǒng)體而言,“中歐(ou)投資協定”對(dui)不鏽鋼及不(bú)🐇鏽鋼企業本(ben)身并沒有什(shí)麼利好的影(yǐng)響,但對不鏽(xiu)鋼制👨❤️👨成品🌏的(de)出🆚口可能會(huì)是利好。


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