OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中(zhong)歐投資協(xie)定，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業影(yǐng)響幾何

　　2025年(nián)12月14日，中歐(ōu)領導人共(gòng)同宣布完(wan)成中歐全(quan)面投資協(xié)議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這是💞一(yī)個框架協(xié)議，旨在取(qǔ)代中國和(hé)歐盟成員(yuan)國現有🍉的(de)雙💃邊投資(zī)條😄約，構建(jiàn)統一的中(zhong)歐雙邊投(tou)資制度。

　　這(zhe)一談判經(jīng)曆了35輪磋(cuō)商，前後持(chi)續超過7年(nián)，談判曾一(yi)度停滞，近(jìn)一年半内(nèi)有所加快(kuai)，終于在2020年(nián)年底完成(chéng)談判，這也(ye)是繼區域(yù)全面經濟(jì)夥伴關系(xi)協定（RCEP）之後(hòu)，中國完成(cheng)的另一個(gè)重大對外(wài)開放舉措(cuò)，也是在多(duō)年的逆全(quan)球化進程(cheng)中，多邊主(zhǔ)義取得👈的(de)又一次意(yì)義重大的(de)勝利。

　　那麼(me)，“中歐投資(zi)協定”談判(pan)的完成，對(duì)不鏽鋼行(háng)業會有影(ying)響嗎？

　　一、如(rú)果“中歐投(tóu)資協定”達(da)成，歐盟對(dui)中國還會(huì)有關稅壁(bi)壘麼？

　　近年(nian)來，由于歐(ou)盟對中國(guo)大陸的不(bu)鏽鋼出口(kǒu)持續的反(fan)傾銷，目前(qian)歐盟對中(zhōng)國大陸不(bu)鏽鋼的征(zhēng)收稅率高(gāo)達20%以上，那(na)麼，如果“中(zhōng)歐投資協(xié)定”達成，歐(ōu)盟對中國(guó)還會有關(guan)稅壁壘麼(me)？

　　首先需要(yào)明确的是(shì)，“中歐投資(zi)協定”并不(bú)涉及關稅(shui)問題。其次(cì)，假設“中歐(ōu)投資協定(dìng)”對不鏽鋼(gāng)出口有一(yi)定利好，主(zhǔ)要系不鏽(xiu)✔️鋼的‼️相關(guan)制成品，比(bi)如家電等(deng)🈲等。但初步(bù)談判完成(cheng)，協議需進(jìn)一步轉🌈化(huà)成法律條(tiáo)文，并經過(guo)歐洲議會(huì)批準後才(cai)可生效。該(gāi)過程預計(ji)将在2021年下(xia)半年才可(kě)開始。

　　二、從(cong)歐洲開放(fang)領域來看(kàn)，“中歐投資(zi)協定”對中(zhong)國不鏽鋼(gāng)企業走出(chū)去有何影(yǐng)響？

　　從相關(guān)資料顯示(shi)來看，中歐(ou)投資協定(ding)将鎖定現(xiàn)有的中國(guó)對歐投資(zī)市場準入(ru)權，同時确(que)保開放歐(ou)洲能源、農(nong)業、漁業、視(shi)聽、公共服(fu)務等敏感(gan)領域。此外(wai)，根據《服務(wu)貿易總協(xie)定》（GATS），歐盟将(jiang)在很大程(chéng)度上開放(fàng)服務行業(yè)。

　　站在中國(guó)立場，歐洲(zhou)開放領域(yu)，為中國投(tou)資者提供(gong)🌍了更大的(de)進入歐盟(méng)能源批發(fā)零售市場(chǎng)、可再生能(neng)源市場等(děng)領域的機(ji)😘會，帶動中(zhong)國新能源(yuan)、汽車等相(xiàng)關産業的(de)出口貿易(yì)發展。對于(yú)中國投資(zī)者，該協議(yi)達成還意(yì)味着在歐(ōu)盟有更多(duo)潛在的投(tóu)資機會，包(bao)括中國有(you)競争優勢(shi)的建🔴築産(chǎn)業、電信🙇‍♀️産(chan)業等等，屆(jie)時或許會(hui)拉動國内(nei)不鏽鋼需(xū)求。

　　但是從(cong)不鏽鋼企(qi)業角度而(er)言，國内不(bú)鏽鋼廠走(zǒu)出去在歐(ou)盟建廠的(de)可能性微(wei)乎其微。由(you)于歐洲的(de)廢鋼積累(lèi)量比較大(dà)，中🌈國不鏽(xiu)鋼鋼廠走(zou)出去投資(zī)建設，在不(bú)鏽鋼冶煉(lian)成本上可(kě)能會享有(yǒu)一些優勢(shi)。但是目前(qian)歐🚶‍♀️洲的不(bú)鏽鋼鋼廠(chang)全部使用(yong)電爐生産(chǎn)，若去歐洲(zhōu)建廠，整體(tǐ)成本過🏒于(yú)高昂。其次(cì)🌈，從需求角(jiǎo)度來講，歐(ou)洲本土不(bú)鏽鋼生産(chan)逐年下降(jiàng)，加之由于(yú)新冠疫情(qíng)的影響，歐(ōu)洲經濟陷(xian)入低迷，需(xū)求端維持(chí)弱勢。因此(cǐ)，國内不鏽(xiu)鋼💁廠去歐(ōu)洲建設工(gong)廠的可能(neng)性，總體而(er)言不存在(zài)。

　　三、從中國(guó)開放領域(yu)來看，“中歐(ou)投資協定(dìng)”對國内的(de)不鏽鋼🏃‍♂️企(qǐ)💚業有何影(ying)響？

　　在談判(pàn)中，中國答(dá)應進一步(bù)開放的領(ling)域包括制(zhi)造業、汽車(chē)、金融服務(wù)業、醫療健(jiàn)康、通訊/雲(yun)服務、計算(suan)機服務、國(guo)際海運、航(háng)空運輸、商(shāng)業服務、環(huán)境服務等(děng)。目前，大約(yue)一半的歐(ōu)盟對華直(zhí)接投資集(jí)中在制造(zao)業領域，如(rú)運輸和電(dian)信設備、化(hua)學品、健康(kang)設備等等(deng)。而汽車領(lǐng)域方面，中(zhōng)國同意逐(zhú)步取消合(hé)資企業要(yào)求，承諾新(xīn)能源汽車(che)的市場準(zhun)入。此外，中(zhong)國同意取(qǔ)消金融服(fú)務業及醫(yī)療健康領(lǐng)域中部分(fen)行業的合(he)資要求。

　　站(zhan)在歐盟的(de)立場，歐盟(méng)在中國的(de)汽車、消費(fèi)品、生物醫(yi)藥、金融服(fú)務和醫療(liáo)衛生等衆(zhong)多領域出(chu)現了新的(de)機遇，但更(gèng)多的可能(neng)是技術領(lǐng)域内的輸(shu)出，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業生(shēng)産的影響(xiang)基本沒有(yǒu)。

　　綜上所述(shu)，總體而言(yán)，“中歐投資(zī)協定”對不(bu)鏽鋼及不(bú)鏽鋼企業(ye)本身并沒(mei)有什麼利(lì)好的影響(xiǎng)，但對不鏽(xiù)鋼制成品(pin)的出口可(ke)能會是利(lì)好。