OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中(zhong)歐投資協(xie)定，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業影(yǐng)響幾何

　　2025年(nián)12月14日，中歐(ōu)領導人共(gong)同宣布完(wán)成中歐全(quan)面投資😍協(xie)議(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這✔️是一(yī)個框架協(xie)議，旨在取(qǔ)代中國和(hé)歐盟成員(yuan)國現有✏️的(de)雙邊投資(zi)條約，構建(jiàn)統一的中(zhong)歐雙邊投(tou)資制度。

　　這(zhe)一談判經(jīng)曆了35輪磋(cuō)商，前後持(chi)續超過7年(nián)，談判曾🈲一(yī)度♋停♈滞🏃，近(jìn)一年半内(nei)有所加快(kuai)，終于在2020年(nián)年底完成(chéng)談判，這也(yě)是繼區域(yu)全面經濟(ji)夥伴關系(xì)協定（RCEP）之後(hou)，中國完成(chéng)的📧另一個(ge)重大對外(wài)開放舉措(cuò)，也是在多(duo)年的逆全(quan)球化進💃🏻程(chéng)中，多邊主(zhu)義取得的(de)又一次✉️意(yi)義重大的(de)勝利。

　　那麼(me)，“中歐投資(zi)協定”談判(pàn)的完成，對(duì)不鏽鋼行(háng)業會有影(ying)🐉響嗎？

　　一、如(ru)果“中歐投(tou)資協定”達(da)成，歐盟對(dui)中國還會(hui)有關稅壁(bi)壘🙇🏻麼？

　　近年(nián)來，由于歐(ou)盟對中國(guo)大陸的不(bú)鏽鋼出口(kou)持續的反(fǎn)傾銷，目✊前(qian)歐盟對中(zhong)國大陸不(bú)鏽鋼的征(zheng)收稅率高(gāo)達20%以上，那(nà)🌈麼，如果“中(zhōng)歐投資協(xie)定”達成，歐(ou)盟對中國(guó)還⭐會有關(guan)🈲稅壁壘麼(me)？

　　首先需要(yào)明确的是(shì)，“中歐投資(zī)協定”并不(bu)涉及關稅(shui)問題。其次(cì)，假設“中歐(ou)投資協定(ding)”對不鏽鋼(gang)出口有一(yī)定利好，主(zhǔ)要系不鏽(xiu)✉️鋼的🈲相關(guan)制成品，比(bǐ)如家電等(deng)等。但初💔步(bù)談判✌️完成(chéng)，協議需進(jìn)一步轉化(hua)成法律條(tiáo)文，并經過(guo)歐洲議會(hui)💜批準後才(cái)可生效。該(gai)過程預計(jì)将在2021年下(xià)半年才可(kě)開始。

　　二、從(cóng)歐洲開放(fàng)領域來看(kàn)，“中歐投資(zī)協定”對中(zhong)國不🐉鏽鋼(gāng)企業走出(chū)去有何影(ying)響？

　　從相關(guān)資料顯示(shi)來看，中歐(ōu)投資協定(dìng)将鎖定現(xian)有的中國(guó)對歐投資(zi)市場準入(ru)權，同時确(que)保開放歐(ou)洲能源、農(nóng)業、漁業、視(shì)聽、公共服(fu)務等敏感(gan)領域。此外(wai)，根據《服務(wu)貿易總協(xié)定》（GATS），歐盟将(jiāng)在很大程(chéng)度上開放(fàng)服務行業(ye)。

　　站在中國(guo)立場，歐洲(zhōu)開放領域(yù)，為中國投(tou)資者提供(gong)了更大的(de)進入歐盟(méng)能源批發(fa)零售市場(chang)、可再生能(néng)👅源市場等(deng)領域的機(ji)會，帶動中(zhōng)國新能源(yuan)、汽車等相(xiàng)關産業的(de)出口💋貿易(yì)發展。對于(yu)中國投資(zī)者，該協議(yi)達成還意(yì)味着在歐(ou)盟有更多(duo)潛在的投(tóu)💋資機會，包(bao)括中國有(you)競争優勢(shi)的建築産(chǎn)業、電信産(chǎn)業等等，屆(jie)時或許會(huì)拉動國内(nèi)不鏽鋼需(xū)求。

　　但是從(cóng)不鏽鋼企(qi)業角度而(er)言，國内不(bu)鏽鋼廠走(zǒu)出🈲去在✌️歐(ou)盟建廠的(de)可能性微(wei)乎其微。由(yóu)于歐洲的(de)廢鋼積累(lei)量比較大(dà)，中國不💘鏽(xiu)鋼鋼廠走(zǒu)出去投資(zi)建設，在不(bú)鏽鋼冶煉(liàn)成本上可(kě)能會享有(you)一些優勢(shi)。但是目前(qian)歐洲的不(bu)鏽鋼鋼廠(chǎng)全部使用(yòng)電☂️爐生産(chan)，若去歐洲(zhōu)建廠，整體(tǐ)成本過于(yu)高昂。其次(cì)，從需求角(jiǎo)度來講，歐(ōu)洲本土不(bú)鏽鋼生産(chan)逐年下降(jiang)，加之由于(yu)新冠疫情(qíng)的🥵影響，歐(ou)👄洲經濟陷(xian)入低迷，需(xu)求端維持(chí)弱勢。因此(cǐ)，國内不鏽(xiù)鋼🌍廠去歐(ou)洲建設工(gong)廠🚶‍♀️的可能(neng)性，總體而(er)言㊙️不存在(zai)。

　　三、從中國(guo)開放領域(yù)來看，“中歐(ou)投資協定(dìng)”對國内的(de)不鏽鋼企(qǐ)業有何影(yǐng)響？

　　在談判(pàn)中，中國答(dá)應進一步(bù)開放的領(lǐng)域包括制(zhì)造業、汽車(chē)、金融服務(wu)業、醫療健(jiàn)康、通訊/雲(yun)服務、計算(suan)機服務、國(guo)際海運、航(háng)空運輸、商(shāng)業服務、環(huán)境服務等(děng)。目前，大約(yuē)一半的歐(ou)盟對華直(zhi)接投資集(jí)中在制造(zào)業領域，如(ru)運輸和電(dian)信設備、化(hua)學品、健康(kang)設備等等(děng)。而汽車領(ling)域方面，中(zhōng)國同意逐(zhú)步取消合(hé)資企業要(yao)求，承諾新(xīn)能源汽車(chē)的市場準(zhun)入。此外，中(zhong)國同意取(qǔ)消金融服(fú)務業及醫(yī)療健康領(ling)域中部分(fèn)行業的合(hé)資要求。

　　站(zhan)在歐盟的(de)立場，歐盟(meng)在中國的(de)汽車、消費(fei)品、生物醫(yi)藥、金融服(fu)務和醫療(liáo)衛生等衆(zhōng)多領域出(chu)現了新的(de)機遇，但更(gèng)多的可能(néng)是技術領(ling)域内的輸(shū)出，對不鏽(xiu)鋼行業生(shēng)産的影響(xiǎng)基本沒有(you)。

　　綜上所述(shu)，總體而言(yan)，“中歐投資(zī)協定”對不(bu)鏽鋼及不(bu)鏽鋼企業(yè)本身并沒(méi)有什麼利(lì)好的影響(xiang)，但對不鏽(xiù)鋼制成品(pin)的出口可(ke)📞能會是利(lì)好。